Click here to edi
DE ZAAK ISSA AMRO/BRIEF AAN LEDEN TWEEDE
KAMERCOMMISSIE BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
AAN DE LEDEN VAN DE VASTE TWEEDE KAMERCOMMISSIE
BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
ZIE OOK
https://www.astridessed.nl/de-zaak-issa-amrobrief-aan-leden-tweede-kamercommissie-buitenlandse-zaken/
Onderwerp:
Gebruik uw inzet en invloed, zowel bij de [demissionaire]
regering als rechtstreeks, bij de Israelische
autoriteiten om erop aan te dringen, dat de aanklachten
tegen Issa Amro, Palestijns voorman van de geweldloze strijd
tegen de Israelische bezetter, komen te vervallen.
Geachte dames en heren,
U leest het al in bovenstaande:
Ik doe een dringend beroep op u,van de Israelische auoriteiten
te eisen, de vervolging stop te zetten van Issa Amro, voorman van ''Youth against settlements'' [1],
een organisatie in Hebron, die strijdt tegen de illegale
nederzettingen in bezet Palestijns gebied.
[Zoals u weet, is in Hebron zelf een enclave van buitengewoon
agressieve kolonisten. [2]
Issa Amro is een bekend kampioen van
de geweldloze strijd tegen de Israelische bezetter. [3]
Daarnaast verwacht ik van u, dat u uw invloed aanwendt bij de
[demissionaire] Nederlandse
regering over de zaak Issa Amro.
TE UWER INFORMATIE:
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO
In februari 2016 werd Issa Amro gearresteerd door de Israelische
bezettings-autoriteiten op grond van maar liefst 18 aanklachten. [4]
[daarover zometeen] en moet binnenkort [waarschijnlijk deze week]
terecht staan voor een Israelische militaire rechtbank. [5]
A
MILITAIR RECHT IN DE BEZETTE GEBIEDEN/
DISCRIMINEREND/UW INZET
Nu is het hele idee van het terechtstaan van een burger voor
een militaire rechtbank sowieso al absurd, maar het is
bovendien ook nogeens pure discriminatie, omdat dat militaire
recht alleen wordt toegepast tegenover Palestijnen in de
bezette gebieden.
Militair recht wordt NIET toegepast op inwoners uit
Israel en ook niet op kolonisten in de bezette gebieden! [6]
Dat alleen al is voor u een reden om in de pen te klimmen
en daarover de Israelische autoriteiten aan te schrijven.
U bent dat trouwens volgens de principes in de
Grondwet verplicht!
Artikel 90, Nederlandse Grondwet stelt immers,
dat de regering de Internationale Rechtsorde moet
bevorderen.
Ik citeer:
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
[7]
En dat verschil in rechtssysteem is discriminerend, wat in
strijd is met alle internationale rechtsregels!
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO/
GEBEURTENISSEN, AANKLACHTEN EN VERLOOP
Maar de reden voor deze brief is dus de zaak tegen Issa
Amro:
Volgens mijn informatie werd Issa Amro samen met
advocaat Farid al-Atrash gearresteerd op
29 februari 2016, daags na een demonstratie op
26 februari. [8]
[Aan de zaak Atrash mag u ook de nodige aandacht schenken,
helaas ben ik daarvan momenteel te weinig op de hoogte]
In juni 2016 werden er 18 aanklachten gepresenteerd
voor de militaire rechtbank. [9]
Niet alleen waren een aantal aanklachten ridicuul
[o.a. het ''beledigen'' van een soldaat en meer van dergelijke
nonsens] [10], volgens zijn advocaat dateerden 14 van de 18 aanklachten van een aantal jaren geleden en in sommige
gevallen allang onderzocht en gesloten. [11]
Mensenrechtenorganisatie Amnesty International
noemt de aanklachten ''ongefundeerd'' en beschouwt het
proces als een manier om Issa Amro en zijn werk
monddood te maken. [12]
In april 2016 refereerde Amnesty International aan Issa
Amro, Farid al-Atrash [tegelijk met hem gearresteerd],
Omar Barghouti [nu ook gearresteerd, maar op
borgtocht vrijgelaten kom ook
voor hem in actie] [13], die regelmatig worden
gestalkd door de Israelische autoriteiten vanwege
hun mensenrechtenactivisme. [14]
SAMENVATTEND
Aan deze intimidatie moet een einde komen!
Want het is duidelijk, dat deze agressieve stalking
operations van de Israelische Overheid niet op
zichzelf staan.
Ze moeten gezien worden in een breder kader, tegen
het licht van de bijna 50 jaar durende Israelische
bezetting, met in zijn verlengde onderdrukking,
vernederingen en mensenrechtenschendingen/
oorlogsmisdaden in Oost-Jeruzalem, de West-bank
en Gaza [15].
De uitbreiding van de illegale nederzettingen
in bezet Palestijns gebied, culminerend in een
''landdiefstal'' wet. [16]
De kolonisten in de bezette gebieden, met name in
Hebron [waar de Youth against settlements gevestigd is]
terroriseren de Palestijnse bevolking dagelijks [17],
zonder dat deze enige bescherming krijgt van het
Israelische leger [wat het verplicht is volgens
de Conventies van Geneve]
Neen, in plaats van bescherming worden Palestijnse
mensenrechtenactivisten zoals Issa Amro gearresteerd
en geintimideerd!
DAAROM ROEP IK U OP:
Neem uw verantwoordelijkheid als Kamerleden!
Bevorder de Internationale Rechtsorde!
ROEP ISRAEL OP DEZE INTIMIDATIE TE STOPPEN
EN DE AANKLACHTEN TEGEN ISSA AMRO TE LATEN VERVALLEN!
ROEP ISRAEL ONOMWONDEN EN BESLIST OP,
DE BEZETTING TE BEEINDIGEN, DE ILLEGALE
NEDERZETTINGEN [18]TE ONTMANTELEN EN DE ILLEGALE
MUUR [19] AF TE BREKEN!
Alleen dat kan leiden tot een echte en blijvende vrede.
Ik reken erop, dat u zich hiervoor inzet.
Vriendelijke groeten
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
NOTEN
[1]
YOUTH AGAINST SETTLEMENTS
http://hyas.ps/
”Youth Against Settlements is a nonviolent direct action group, which seeks to end the building and expanding of illegal Israeli settlements through non-violent popular struggle and civil resistance.
YAS is based in Hebron, one of the hardest hit areas of the Israeli occupation, where fundamentalists Israelis that have forcibly established a settlement right in the heart of Hebron. In order to protect illegal settlers, the Israeli state has imposed on the Palestinian residents of the city a regime of forced evictions, curfews, market and street closures, military checkpoints, and subjection to military law. Palestinians face frequent random searches, detentions without charge, and rampant settler violence. As a result of this, approximately 13,000 Palestinian civilians have fled their homes in Hebron’s city center, turning the city center into a virtual ghost town.”
ABOUT US
http://hyas.ps/about-us/
[2]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[3]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[4]
''On 7 June 2016, 18 charges were levelled against Issa Amro at Ofer Military Court, some going back as far as 2010. They range from “insulting a soldier” to “assault”.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[5]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[6]
”A new report published by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) outlines the nature of the legal regime currently operating in the West Bank. Two systems of law are applied in a single territory: one – a civilian legal system for Israeli citizens, and a second – a military court system for Palestinian residents. The result: institutionalized discrimination.”
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
24 NOVEMBER 2014
http://www.acri.org.il/en/2014 /11/24/twosysreport/
REPORT
14 OCTOBER 2014
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
http://www.acri.org.il/en/wp-c ontent/uploads/2015/02/Two-Sys tems-of-Law-English-FINAL.pdf
”The laws implemented in the West Bank are inequitable and discriminate against Palestinians. Although the settlers live in the same geographical area in which martial law is imposed, Israel has decided that they are not subject to military law, but rather to Israeli law. The application of two distinct legal systems in a single territory constitutes gross discrimination”
BTSELEM.ORG
MILITARY LAW
http://www.btselem.org/demonst rations/military_law
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS
THE JUDICIAL ARM OF THE OCCUPATION:
THE ISRAELI MILITARY COURTS IN THE
OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
https://www.icrc.org/eng/asset s/files/other/irrc_866_weill.p df
[7]
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
ARTIKEL 90, NEDERLANDSE GRONDWET
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15#Hoofdstuk5
[8]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA
URGENT ACTION: TWO PALESTINIAN HUMAN
RIGHTS DEFENDERS ON TRIAL
17 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.amnestyusa.org/get- involved/take-action-now/urgen t-action-two-palestinian-human -rights-defenders-on-trial-isr aelopt-ua-27816
[9]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[10]
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM W013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[11]
THE HUFFINGTON POST
ISRAEL PUTS CELEBRATED ACTIVIST ON TRIAL
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ david-palumboliu/israel-puts-c elebrated-_b_13590812.html
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM 2013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[12]
''“Issa Amro has faced a sustained campaign of harassment and assault at the hands of the Israeli military and settlers because of his activism. His case is emblematic of the climate of increasing hostility towards activists who protest the settlements, which are illegal under international law,” said Magdalena Mughrabi. [Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International, mijn toevoeging]
“We believe that he is facing trial solely for the peaceful exercise of his rights to freedom of expression and assembly. Imprisoning Issa Amro would be a travesty of justice and would silence yet another important critical voice in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.”
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[13]
TIMES OF ISRAEL
BDS FOUNDER OMAR BARGHOUTI ARRESTED
FOR TAX EVASION
21 MARCH 2017
http://www.timesofisrael.com/ bds-founder-omar-barghouti- arrested-for-tax-evasion/
MONDOWEISS
BDS CO-FOUNDER: ISRAEL'S ARREST AND INTERROGATION
OF OMAR BARGHOUTI NEXT STEP IN ''WAR AGAINST BDS
MOVEMENT''
23 MARCH 2017
http://mondoweiss.net/2017/03/ interrogation-barghouti- movement/
[14]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAELI GOVERNMENT MUST CEASE INTIMIDATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS, PROTECT THEM FROM
ATTACKS
12 APRIL 2016
https://www.amnesty.nl/ actueel/israeli-government- must-cease-intimidation-of- human-rights-defenders- protect-them-from-attacks
[15]
ISRAELI MILITARY ATTACKS ON GAZA
”PROTECTIVE EDGE” 2014
FRAGMENTED LIVES
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW 2014
MARCH 2015
http://reliefweb.int/sites/rel iefweb.int/files/resources/ann ual_humanitarian_overview_2014 _english_final.pdf
BTSELEM.ORG
THE SIEGE ON GAZA
http://www.btselem.org/gaza_ strip/siege
BBC
UN OFFICIAL SLAMS ISRAEL ”CRIMES”
10 DECEMBER 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ middle_east/7774988.stm
BLOCKADE ON GAZA/CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY
ASTRID ESSED
14 FEBRUARY 2008
http://la.indymedia.org/news/ 2008/02/213864.php
[16]
ISRAEL GEEFT ´´LANDROOFWET´´ GROEN LICHT
7 FEBRUARI 2017
https://rightsforum.org/nieuws /landroof%20wet
BTSELEM.ORG
BTSELEM’S RESPONSE TO REGULATION BILL: A SEMBLANCE
OF LEGALITY TO ONGOING PLUNDER
6 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.btselem.org/press_r eleases/20170206_response_to_r egulation_bill
THE HAARETZ
ISRAEL'S NEW PALESTINIAN LAND-GRAB LAW
AND WHY IT MATTERS
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.770102
REUTERS
UN CHIEF SAYS ISRAELI SETTLEMENT BILL GOES
AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.reuters.com/article /us-un-israel-settlement-idUSK BN15M2A2
[17]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[18]
DE ILLEGALITEIT VAN DE NEDERZETTINGEN
”The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying power from transferring citizens from its own territory to the occupied territory (Article 49).
The Hague Regulations prohibit an occupying power from undertaking permanent changes in the occupied area unless these are due to military needs in the narrow sense of the term, or unless they are undertaken for the benefit of the local population.”
BTSELEM.ORG
LAND EXPROPRIATION AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL
LAW
http://www.btselem.org/settlem ents/international_law
”Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.”
ARTICLE 49, FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION
https://www.icrc.org/applic/ih l/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=o penDocument&documentId=77068F1 2B8857C4DC12563CD0051BDB0
HAGUE CONVENTION 1907
http://www.opbw.org/int_inst/s ec_docs/1907HC-TEXT.pdf
[19]
DE ILLEGALE MUUR
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL
IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY
9 JULI 2004
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/ index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3& p2=4&p3=6&cat.
DE ZAAK ISSA AMRO/BRIEF AAN LEDEN TWEEDE
KAMERCOMMISSIE BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
AAN DE LEDEN VAN DE VASTE TWEEDE KAMERCOMMISSIE
BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
ZIE OOK
https://www.astridessed.nl/de-zaak-issa-amrobrief-aan-leden-tweede-kamercommissie-buitenlandse-zaken/
Onderwerp:
Gebruik uw inzet en invloed, zowel bij de [demissionaire]
regering als rechtstreeks, bij de Israelische
autoriteiten om erop aan te dringen, dat de aanklachten
tegen Issa Amro, Palestijns voorman van de geweldloze strijd
tegen de Israelische bezetter, komen te vervallen.
Geachte dames en heren,
U leest het al in bovenstaande:
Ik doe een dringend beroep op u,van de Israelische auoriteiten
te eisen, de vervolging stop te zetten van Issa Amro, voorman van ''Youth against settlements'' [1],
een organisatie in Hebron, die strijdt tegen de illegale
nederzettingen in bezet Palestijns gebied.
[Zoals u weet, is in Hebron zelf een enclave van buitengewoon
agressieve kolonisten. [2]
Issa Amro is een bekend kampioen van
de geweldloze strijd tegen de Israelische bezetter. [3]
Daarnaast verwacht ik van u, dat u uw invloed aanwendt bij de
[demissionaire] Nederlandse
regering over de zaak Issa Amro.
TE UWER INFORMATIE:
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO
In februari 2016 werd Issa Amro gearresteerd door de Israelische
bezettings-autoriteiten op grond van maar liefst 18 aanklachten. [4]
[daarover zometeen] en moet binnenkort [waarschijnlijk deze week]
terecht staan voor een Israelische militaire rechtbank. [5]
A
MILITAIR RECHT IN DE BEZETTE GEBIEDEN/
DISCRIMINEREND/UW INZET
Nu is het hele idee van het terechtstaan van een burger voor
een militaire rechtbank sowieso al absurd, maar het is
bovendien ook nogeens pure discriminatie, omdat dat militaire
recht alleen wordt toegepast tegenover Palestijnen in de
bezette gebieden.
Militair recht wordt NIET toegepast op inwoners uit
Israel en ook niet op kolonisten in de bezette gebieden! [6]
Dat alleen al is voor u een reden om in de pen te klimmen
en daarover de Israelische autoriteiten aan te schrijven.
U bent dat trouwens volgens de principes in de
Grondwet verplicht!
Artikel 90, Nederlandse Grondwet stelt immers,
dat de regering de Internationale Rechtsorde moet
bevorderen.
Ik citeer:
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
[7]
En dat verschil in rechtssysteem is discriminerend, wat in
strijd is met alle internationale rechtsregels!
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO/
GEBEURTENISSEN, AANKLACHTEN EN VERLOOP
Maar de reden voor deze brief is dus de zaak tegen Issa
Amro:
Volgens mijn informatie werd Issa Amro samen met
advocaat Farid al-Atrash gearresteerd op
29 februari 2016, daags na een demonstratie op
26 februari. [8]
[Aan de zaak Atrash mag u ook de nodige aandacht schenken,
helaas ben ik daarvan momenteel te weinig op de hoogte]
In juni 2016 werden er 18 aanklachten gepresenteerd
voor de militaire rechtbank. [9]
Niet alleen waren een aantal aanklachten ridicuul
[o.a. het ''beledigen'' van een soldaat en meer van dergelijke
nonsens] [10], volgens zijn advocaat dateerden 14 van de 18 aanklachten van een aantal jaren geleden en in sommige
gevallen allang onderzocht en gesloten. [11]
Mensenrechtenorganisatie Amnesty International
noemt de aanklachten ''ongefundeerd'' en beschouwt het
proces als een manier om Issa Amro en zijn werk
monddood te maken. [12]
In april 2016 refereerde Amnesty International aan Issa
Amro, Farid al-Atrash [tegelijk met hem gearresteerd],
Omar Barghouti [nu ook gearresteerd, maar op
borgtocht vrijgelaten kom ook
voor hem in actie] [13], die regelmatig worden
gestalkd door de Israelische autoriteiten vanwege
hun mensenrechtenactivisme. [14]
SAMENVATTEND
Aan deze intimidatie moet een einde komen!
Want het is duidelijk, dat deze agressieve stalking
operations van de Israelische Overheid niet op
zichzelf staan.
Ze moeten gezien worden in een breder kader, tegen
het licht van de bijna 50 jaar durende Israelische
bezetting, met in zijn verlengde onderdrukking,
vernederingen en mensenrechtenschendingen/
oorlogsmisdaden in Oost-Jeruzalem, de West-bank
en Gaza [15].
De uitbreiding van de illegale nederzettingen
in bezet Palestijns gebied, culminerend in een
''landdiefstal'' wet. [16]
De kolonisten in de bezette gebieden, met name in
Hebron [waar de Youth against settlements gevestigd is]
terroriseren de Palestijnse bevolking dagelijks [17],
zonder dat deze enige bescherming krijgt van het
Israelische leger [wat het verplicht is volgens
de Conventies van Geneve]
Neen, in plaats van bescherming worden Palestijnse
mensenrechtenactivisten zoals Issa Amro gearresteerd
en geintimideerd!
DAAROM ROEP IK U OP:
Neem uw verantwoordelijkheid als Kamerleden!
Bevorder de Internationale Rechtsorde!
ROEP ISRAEL OP DEZE INTIMIDATIE TE STOPPEN
EN DE AANKLACHTEN TEGEN ISSA AMRO TE LATEN VERVALLEN!
ROEP ISRAEL ONOMWONDEN EN BESLIST OP,
DE BEZETTING TE BEEINDIGEN, DE ILLEGALE
NEDERZETTINGEN [18]TE ONTMANTELEN EN DE ILLEGALE
MUUR [19] AF TE BREKEN!
Alleen dat kan leiden tot een echte en blijvende vrede.
Ik reken erop, dat u zich hiervoor inzet.
Vriendelijke groeten
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
NOTEN
[1]
YOUTH AGAINST SETTLEMENTS
http://hyas.ps/
”Youth Against Settlements is a nonviolent direct action group, which seeks to end the building and expanding of illegal Israeli settlements through non-violent popular struggle and civil resistance.
YAS is based in Hebron, one of the hardest hit areas of the Israeli occupation, where fundamentalists Israelis that have forcibly established a settlement right in the heart of Hebron. In order to protect illegal settlers, the Israeli state has imposed on the Palestinian residents of the city a regime of forced evictions, curfews, market and street closures, military checkpoints, and subjection to military law. Palestinians face frequent random searches, detentions without charge, and rampant settler violence. As a result of this, approximately 13,000 Palestinian civilians have fled their homes in Hebron’s city center, turning the city center into a virtual ghost town.”
ABOUT US
http://hyas.ps/about-us/
[2]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[3]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[4]
''On 7 June 2016, 18 charges were levelled against Issa Amro at Ofer Military Court, some going back as far as 2010. They range from “insulting a soldier” to “assault”.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[5]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[6]
”A new report published by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) outlines the nature of the legal regime currently operating in the West Bank. Two systems of law are applied in a single territory: one – a civilian legal system for Israeli citizens, and a second – a military court system for Palestinian residents. The result: institutionalized discrimination.”
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
24 NOVEMBER 2014
http://www.acri.org.il/en/2014 /11/24/twosysreport/
REPORT
14 OCTOBER 2014
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
http://www.acri.org.il/en/wp-c ontent/uploads/2015/02/Two-Sys tems-of-Law-English-FINAL.pdf
”The laws implemented in the West Bank are inequitable and discriminate against Palestinians. Although the settlers live in the same geographical area in which martial law is imposed, Israel has decided that they are not subject to military law, but rather to Israeli law. The application of two distinct legal systems in a single territory constitutes gross discrimination”
BTSELEM.ORG
MILITARY LAW
http://www.btselem.org/demonst rations/military_law
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS
THE JUDICIAL ARM OF THE OCCUPATION:
THE ISRAELI MILITARY COURTS IN THE
OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
https://www.icrc.org/eng/asset s/files/other/irrc_866_weill.p df
[7]
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
ARTIKEL 90, NEDERLANDSE GRONDWET
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15#Hoofdstuk5
[8]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA
URGENT ACTION: TWO PALESTINIAN HUMAN
RIGHTS DEFENDERS ON TRIAL
17 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.amnestyusa.org/get- involved/take-action-now/urgen t-action-two-palestinian-human -rights-defenders-on-trial-isr aelopt-ua-27816
[9]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[10]
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM W013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[11]
THE HUFFINGTON POST
ISRAEL PUTS CELEBRATED ACTIVIST ON TRIAL
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ david-palumboliu/israel-puts-c elebrated-_b_13590812.html
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM 2013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[12]
''“Issa Amro has faced a sustained campaign of harassment and assault at the hands of the Israeli military and settlers because of his activism. His case is emblematic of the climate of increasing hostility towards activists who protest the settlements, which are illegal under international law,” said Magdalena Mughrabi. [Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International, mijn toevoeging]
“We believe that he is facing trial solely for the peaceful exercise of his rights to freedom of expression and assembly. Imprisoning Issa Amro would be a travesty of justice and would silence yet another important critical voice in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.”
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[13]
TIMES OF ISRAEL
BDS FOUNDER OMAR BARGHOUTI ARRESTED
FOR TAX EVASION
21 MARCH 2017
http://www.timesofisrael.com/ bds-founder-omar-barghouti- arrested-for-tax-evasion/
MONDOWEISS
BDS CO-FOUNDER: ISRAEL'S ARREST AND INTERROGATION
OF OMAR BARGHOUTI NEXT STEP IN ''WAR AGAINST BDS
MOVEMENT''
23 MARCH 2017
http://mondoweiss.net/2017/03/ interrogation-barghouti- movement/
[14]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAELI GOVERNMENT MUST CEASE INTIMIDATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS, PROTECT THEM FROM
ATTACKS
12 APRIL 2016
https://www.amnesty.nl/ actueel/israeli-government- must-cease-intimidation-of- human-rights-defenders- protect-them-from-attacks
[15]
ISRAELI MILITARY ATTACKS ON GAZA
”PROTECTIVE EDGE” 2014
FRAGMENTED LIVES
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW 2014
MARCH 2015
http://reliefweb.int/sites/rel iefweb.int/files/resources/ann ual_humanitarian_overview_2014 _english_final.pdf
BTSELEM.ORG
THE SIEGE ON GAZA
http://www.btselem.org/gaza_ strip/siege
BBC
UN OFFICIAL SLAMS ISRAEL ”CRIMES”
10 DECEMBER 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ middle_east/7774988.stm
BLOCKADE ON GAZA/CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY
ASTRID ESSED
14 FEBRUARY 2008
http://la.indymedia.org/news/ 2008/02/213864.php
[16]
ISRAEL GEEFT ´´LANDROOFWET´´ GROEN LICHT
7 FEBRUARI 2017
https://rightsforum.org/nieuws /landroof%20wet
BTSELEM.ORG
BTSELEM’S RESPONSE TO REGULATION BILL: A SEMBLANCE
OF LEGALITY TO ONGOING PLUNDER
6 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.btselem.org/press_r eleases/20170206_response_to_r egulation_bill
THE HAARETZ
ISRAEL'S NEW PALESTINIAN LAND-GRAB LAW
AND WHY IT MATTERS
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.770102
REUTERS
UN CHIEF SAYS ISRAELI SETTLEMENT BILL GOES
AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.reuters.com/article /us-un-israel-settlement-idUSK BN15M2A2
[17]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[18]
DE ILLEGALITEIT VAN DE NEDERZETTINGEN
”The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying power from transferring citizens from its own territory to the occupied territory (Article 49).
The Hague Regulations prohibit an occupying power from undertaking permanent changes in the occupied area unless these are due to military needs in the narrow sense of the term, or unless they are undertaken for the benefit of the local population.”
BTSELEM.ORG
LAND EXPROPRIATION AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL
LAW
http://www.btselem.org/settlem ents/international_law
”Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.”
ARTICLE 49, FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION
https://www.icrc.org/applic/ih l/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=o penDocument&documentId=77068F1 2B8857C4DC12563CD0051BDB0
HAGUE CONVENTION 1907
http://www.opbw.org/int_inst/s ec_docs/1907HC-TEXT.pdf
[19]
DE ILLEGALE MUUR
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL
IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY
9 JULI 2004
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/ index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3& p2=4&p3=6&ca
DE ZAAK ISSA AMRO/BRIEF AAN LEDEN TWEEDE
KAMERCOMMISSIE BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
AAN DE LEDEN VAN DE VASTE TWEEDE KAMERCOMMISSIE
BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
ZIE OOK
https://www.astridessed.nl/de-zaak-issa-amrobrief-aan-leden-tweede-kamercommissie-buitenlandse-zaken/
Onderwerp:
Gebruik uw inzet en invloed, zowel bij de [demissionaire]
regering als rechtstreeks, bij de Israelische
autoriteiten om erop aan te dringen, dat de aanklachten
tegen Issa Amro, Palestijns voorman van de geweldloze strijd
tegen de Israelische bezetter, komen te vervallen.
Geachte dames en heren,
U leest het al in bovenstaande:
Ik doe een dringend beroep op u,van de Israelische auoriteiten
te eisen, de vervolging stop te zetten van Issa Amro, voorman van ''Youth against settlements'' [1],
een organisatie in Hebron, die strijdt tegen de illegale
nederzettingen in bezet Palestijns gebied.
[Zoals u weet, is in Hebron zelf een enclave van buitengewoon
agressieve kolonisten. [2]
Issa Amro is een bekend kampioen van
de geweldloze strijd tegen de Israelische bezetter. [3]
Daarnaast verwacht ik van u, dat u uw invloed aanwendt bij de
[demissionaire] Nederlandse
regering over de zaak Issa Amro.
TE UWER INFORMATIE:
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO
In februari 2016 werd Issa Amro gearresteerd door de Israelische
bezettings-autoriteiten op grond van maar liefst 18 aanklachten. [4]
[daarover zometeen] en moet binnenkort [waarschijnlijk deze week]
terecht staan voor een Israelische militaire rechtbank. [5]
A
MILITAIR RECHT IN DE BEZETTE GEBIEDEN/
DISCRIMINEREND/UW INZET
Nu is het hele idee van het terechtstaan van een burger voor
een militaire rechtbank sowieso al absurd, maar het is
bovendien ook nogeens pure discriminatie, omdat dat militaire
recht alleen wordt toegepast tegenover Palestijnen in de
bezette gebieden.
Militair recht wordt NIET toegepast op inwoners uit
Israel en ook niet op kolonisten in de bezette gebieden! [6]
Dat alleen al is voor u een reden om in de pen te klimmen
en daarover de Israelische autoriteiten aan te schrijven.
U bent dat trouwens volgens de principes in de
Grondwet verplicht!
Artikel 90, Nederlandse Grondwet stelt immers,
dat de regering de Internationale Rechtsorde moet
bevorderen.
Ik citeer:
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
[7]
En dat verschil in rechtssysteem is discriminerend, wat in
strijd is met alle internationale rechtsregels!
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO/
GEBEURTENISSEN, AANKLACHTEN EN VERLOOP
Maar de reden voor deze brief is dus de zaak tegen Issa
Amro:
Volgens mijn informatie werd Issa Amro samen met
advocaat Farid al-Atrash gearresteerd op
29 februari 2016, daags na een demonstratie op
26 februari. [8]
[Aan de zaak Atrash mag u ook de nodige aandacht schenken,
helaas ben ik daarvan momenteel te weinig op de hoogte]
In juni 2016 werden er 18 aanklachten gepresenteerd
voor de militaire rechtbank. [9]
Niet alleen waren een aantal aanklachten ridicuul
[o.a. het ''beledigen'' van een soldaat en meer van dergelijke
nonsens] [10], volgens zijn advocaat dateerden 14 van de 18 aanklachten van een aantal jaren geleden en in sommige
gevallen allang onderzocht en gesloten. [11]
Mensenrechtenorganisatie Amnesty International
noemt de aanklachten ''ongefundeerd'' en beschouwt het
proces als een manier om Issa Amro en zijn werk
monddood te maken. [12]
In april 2016 refereerde Amnesty International aan Issa
Amro, Farid al-Atrash [tegelijk met hem gearresteerd],
Omar Barghouti [nu ook gearresteerd, maar op
borgtocht vrijgelaten kom ook
voor hem in actie] [13], die regelmatig worden
gestalkd door de Israelische autoriteiten vanwege
hun mensenrechtenactivisme. [14]
SAMENVATTEND
Aan deze intimidatie moet een einde komen!
Want het is duidelijk, dat deze agressieve stalking
operations van de Israelische Overheid niet op
zichzelf staan.
Ze moeten gezien worden in een breder kader, tegen
het licht van de bijna 50 jaar durende Israelische
bezetting, met in zijn verlengde onderdrukking,
vernederingen en mensenrechtenschendingen/
oorlogsmisdaden in Oost-Jeruzalem, de West-bank
en Gaza [15].
De uitbreiding van de illegale nederzettingen
in bezet Palestijns gebied, culminerend in een
''landdiefstal'' wet. [16]
De kolonisten in de bezette gebieden, met name in
Hebron [waar de Youth against settlements gevestigd is]
terroriseren de Palestijnse bevolking dagelijks [17],
zonder dat deze enige bescherming krijgt van het
Israelische leger [wat het verplicht is volgens
de Conventies van Geneve]
Neen, in plaats van bescherming worden Palestijnse
mensenrechtenactivisten zoals Issa Amro gearresteerd
en geintimideerd!
DAAROM ROEP IK U OP:
Neem uw verantwoordelijkheid als Kamerleden!
Bevorder de Internationale Rechtsorde!
ROEP ISRAEL OP DEZE INTIMIDATIE TE STOPPEN
EN DE AANKLACHTEN TEGEN ISSA AMRO TE LATEN VERVALLEN!
ROEP ISRAEL ONOMWONDEN EN BESLIST OP,
DE BEZETTING TE BEEINDIGEN, DE ILLEGALE
NEDERZETTINGEN [18]TE ONTMANTELEN EN DE ILLEGALE
MUUR [19] AF TE BREKEN!
Alleen dat kan leiden tot een echte en blijvende vrede.
Ik reken erop, dat u zich hiervoor inzet.
Vriendelijke groeten
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
NOTEN
[1]
YOUTH AGAINST SETTLEMENTS
http://hyas.ps/
”Youth Against Settlements is a nonviolent direct action group, which seeks to end the building and expanding of illegal Israeli settlements through non-violent popular struggle and civil resistance.
YAS is based in Hebron, one of the hardest hit areas of the Israeli occupation, where fundamentalists Israelis that have forcibly established a settlement right in the heart of Hebron. In order to protect illegal settlers, the Israeli state has imposed on the Palestinian residents of the city a regime of forced evictions, curfews, market and street closures, military checkpoints, and subjection to military law. Palestinians face frequent random searches, detentions without charge, and rampant settler violence. As a result of this, approximately 13,000 Palestinian civilians have fled their homes in Hebron’s city center, turning the city center into a virtual ghost town.”
ABOUT US
http://hyas.ps/about-us/
[2]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[3]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[4]
''On 7 June 2016, 18 charges were levelled against Issa Amro at Ofer Military Court, some going back as far as 2010. They range from “insulting a soldier” to “assault”.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[5]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[6]
”A new report published by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) outlines the nature of the legal regime currently operating in the West Bank. Two systems of law are applied in a single territory: one – a civilian legal system for Israeli citizens, and a second – a military court system for Palestinian residents. The result: institutionalized discrimination.”
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
24 NOVEMBER 2014
http://www.acri.org.il/en/2014 /11/24/twosysreport/
REPORT
14 OCTOBER 2014
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
http://www.acri.org.il/en/wp-c ontent/uploads/2015/02/Two-Sys tems-of-Law-English-FINAL.pdf
”The laws implemented in the West Bank are inequitable and discriminate against Palestinians. Although the settlers live in the same geographical area in which martial law is imposed, Israel has decided that they are not subject to military law, but rather to Israeli law. The application of two distinct legal systems in a single territory constitutes gross discrimination”
BTSELEM.ORG
MILITARY LAW
http://www.btselem.org/demonst rations/military_law
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS
THE JUDICIAL ARM OF THE OCCUPATION:
THE ISRAELI MILITARY COURTS IN THE
OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
https://www.icrc.org/eng/asset s/files/other/irrc_866_weill.p df
[7]
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
ARTIKEL 90, NEDERLANDSE GRONDWET
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15#Hoofdstuk5
[8]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA
URGENT ACTION: TWO PALESTINIAN HUMAN
RIGHTS DEFENDERS ON TRIAL
17 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.amnestyusa.org/get- involved/take-action-now/urgen t-action-two-palestinian-human -rights-defenders-on-trial-isr aelopt-ua-27816
[9]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[10]
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM W013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[11]
THE HUFFINGTON POST
ISRAEL PUTS CELEBRATED ACTIVIST ON TRIAL
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ david-palumboliu/israel-puts-c elebrated-_b_13590812.html
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM 2013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[12]
''“Issa Amro has faced a sustained campaign of harassment and assault at the hands of the Israeli military and settlers because of his activism. His case is emblematic of the climate of increasing hostility towards activists who protest the settlements, which are illegal under international law,” said Magdalena Mughrabi. [Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International, mijn toevoeging]
“We believe that he is facing trial solely for the peaceful exercise of his rights to freedom of expression and assembly. Imprisoning Issa Amro would be a travesty of justice and would silence yet another important critical voice in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.”
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[13]
TIMES OF ISRAEL
BDS FOUNDER OMAR BARGHOUTI ARRESTED
FOR TAX EVASION
21 MARCH 2017
http://www.timesofisrael.com/ bds-founder-omar-barghouti- arrested-for-tax-evasion/
MONDOWEISS
BDS CO-FOUNDER: ISRAEL'S ARREST AND INTERROGATION
OF OMAR BARGHOUTI NEXT STEP IN ''WAR AGAINST BDS
MOVEMENT''
23 MARCH 2017
http://mondoweiss.net/2017/03/ interrogation-barghouti- movement/
[14]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAELI GOVERNMENT MUST CEASE INTIMIDATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS, PROTECT THEM FROM
ATTACKS
12 APRIL 2016
https://www.amnesty.nl/ actueel/israeli-government- must-cease-intimidation-of- human-rights-defenders- protect-them-from-attacks
[15]
ISRAELI MILITARY ATTACKS ON GAZA
”PROTECTIVE EDGE” 2014
FRAGMENTED LIVES
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW 2014
MARCH 2015
http://reliefweb.int/sites/rel iefweb.int/files/resources/ann ual_humanitarian_overview_2014 _english_final.pdf
BTSELEM.ORG
THE SIEGE ON GAZA
http://www.btselem.org/gaza_ strip/siege
BBC
UN OFFICIAL SLAMS ISRAEL ”CRIMES”
10 DECEMBER 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ middle_east/7774988.stm
BLOCKADE ON GAZA/CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY
ASTRID ESSED
14 FEBRUARY 2008
http://la.indymedia.org/news/ 2008/02/213864.php
[16]
ISRAEL GEEFT ´´LANDROOFWET´´ GROEN LICHT
7 FEBRUARI 2017
https://rightsforum.org/nieuws /landroof%20wet
BTSELEM.ORG
BTSELEM’S RESPONSE TO REGULATION BILL: A SEMBLANCE
OF LEGALITY TO ONGOING PLUNDER
6 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.btselem.org/press_r eleases/20170206_response_to_r egulation_bill
THE HAARETZ
ISRAEL'S NEW PALESTINIAN LAND-GRAB LAW
AND WHY IT MATTERS
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.770102
REUTERS
UN CHIEF SAYS ISRAELI SETTLEMENT BILL GOES
AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.reuters.com/article /us-un-israel-settlement-idUSK BN15M2A2
[17]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[18]
DE ILLEGALITEIT VAN DE NEDERZETTINGEN
”The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying power from transferring citizens from its own territory to the occupied territory (Article 49).
The Hague Regulations prohibit an occupying power from undertaking permanent changes in the occupied area unless these are due to military needs in the narrow sense of the term, or unless they are undertaken for the benefit of the local population.”
BTSELEM.ORG
LAND EXPROPRIATION AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL
LAW
http://www.btselem.org/settlem ents/international_law
”Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.”
ARTICLE 49, FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION
https://www.icrc.org/applic/ih l/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=o penDocument&documentId=77068F1 2B8857C4DC12563CD0051BDB0
HAGUE CONVENTION 1907
http://www.opbw.org/int_inst/s ec_docs/1907HC-TEXT.pdf
[19]
DE ILLEGALE MUUR
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL
IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY
9 JULI 2004
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/ index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3& p2=4&p3=6&cat.
DE ZAAK ISSA AMRO/BRIEF AAN LEDEN TWEEDE
KAMERCOMMISSIE BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
AAN DE LEDEN VAN DE VASTE TWEEDE KAMERCOMMISSIE
BUITENLANDSE ZAKEN
ZIE OOK
https://www.astridessed.nl/de-zaak-issa-amrobrief-aan-leden-tweede-kamercommissie-buitenlandse-zaken/
Onderwerp:
Gebruik uw inzet en invloed, zowel bij de [demissionaire]
regering als rechtstreeks, bij de Israelische
autoriteiten om erop aan te dringen, dat de aanklachten
tegen Issa Amro, Palestijns voorman van de geweldloze strijd
tegen de Israelische bezetter, komen te vervallen.
Geachte dames en heren,
U leest het al in bovenstaande:
Ik doe een dringend beroep op u,van de Israelische auoriteiten
te eisen, de vervolging stop te zetten van Issa Amro, voorman van ''Youth against settlements'' [1],
een organisatie in Hebron, die strijdt tegen de illegale
nederzettingen in bezet Palestijns gebied.
[Zoals u weet, is in Hebron zelf een enclave van buitengewoon
agressieve kolonisten. [2]
Issa Amro is een bekend kampioen van
de geweldloze strijd tegen de Israelische bezetter. [3]
Daarnaast verwacht ik van u, dat u uw invloed aanwendt bij de
[demissionaire] Nederlandse
regering over de zaak Issa Amro.
TE UWER INFORMATIE:
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO
In februari 2016 werd Issa Amro gearresteerd door de Israelische
bezettings-autoriteiten op grond van maar liefst 18 aanklachten. [4]
[daarover zometeen] en moet binnenkort [waarschijnlijk deze week]
terecht staan voor een Israelische militaire rechtbank. [5]
A
MILITAIR RECHT IN DE BEZETTE GEBIEDEN/
DISCRIMINEREND/UW INZET
Nu is het hele idee van het terechtstaan van een burger voor
een militaire rechtbank sowieso al absurd, maar het is
bovendien ook nogeens pure discriminatie, omdat dat militaire
recht alleen wordt toegepast tegenover Palestijnen in de
bezette gebieden.
Militair recht wordt NIET toegepast op inwoners uit
Israel en ook niet op kolonisten in de bezette gebieden! [6]
Dat alleen al is voor u een reden om in de pen te klimmen
en daarover de Israelische autoriteiten aan te schrijven.
U bent dat trouwens volgens de principes in de
Grondwet verplicht!
Artikel 90, Nederlandse Grondwet stelt immers,
dat de regering de Internationale Rechtsorde moet
bevorderen.
Ik citeer:
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
[7]
En dat verschil in rechtssysteem is discriminerend, wat in
strijd is met alle internationale rechtsregels!
DE ZAAK TEGEN ISSA AMRO/
GEBEURTENISSEN, AANKLACHTEN EN VERLOOP
Maar de reden voor deze brief is dus de zaak tegen Issa
Amro:
Volgens mijn informatie werd Issa Amro samen met
advocaat Farid al-Atrash gearresteerd op
29 februari 2016, daags na een demonstratie op
26 februari. [8]
[Aan de zaak Atrash mag u ook de nodige aandacht schenken,
helaas ben ik daarvan momenteel te weinig op de hoogte]
In juni 2016 werden er 18 aanklachten gepresenteerd
voor de militaire rechtbank. [9]
Niet alleen waren een aantal aanklachten ridicuul
[o.a. het ''beledigen'' van een soldaat en meer van dergelijke
nonsens] [10], volgens zijn advocaat dateerden 14 van de 18 aanklachten van een aantal jaren geleden en in sommige
gevallen allang onderzocht en gesloten. [11]
Mensenrechtenorganisatie Amnesty International
noemt de aanklachten ''ongefundeerd'' en beschouwt het
proces als een manier om Issa Amro en zijn werk
monddood te maken. [12]
In april 2016 refereerde Amnesty International aan Issa
Amro, Farid al-Atrash [tegelijk met hem gearresteerd],
Omar Barghouti [nu ook gearresteerd, maar op
borgtocht vrijgelaten kom ook
voor hem in actie] [13], die regelmatig worden
gestalkd door de Israelische autoriteiten vanwege
hun mensenrechtenactivisme. [14]
SAMENVATTEND
Aan deze intimidatie moet een einde komen!
Want het is duidelijk, dat deze agressieve stalking
operations van de Israelische Overheid niet op
zichzelf staan.
Ze moeten gezien worden in een breder kader, tegen
het licht van de bijna 50 jaar durende Israelische
bezetting, met in zijn verlengde onderdrukking,
vernederingen en mensenrechtenschendingen/
oorlogsmisdaden in Oost-Jeruzalem, de West-bank
en Gaza [15].
De uitbreiding van de illegale nederzettingen
in bezet Palestijns gebied, culminerend in een
''landdiefstal'' wet. [16]
De kolonisten in de bezette gebieden, met name in
Hebron [waar de Youth against settlements gevestigd is]
terroriseren de Palestijnse bevolking dagelijks [17],
zonder dat deze enige bescherming krijgt van het
Israelische leger [wat het verplicht is volgens
de Conventies van Geneve]
Neen, in plaats van bescherming worden Palestijnse
mensenrechtenactivisten zoals Issa Amro gearresteerd
en geintimideerd!
DAAROM ROEP IK U OP:
Neem uw verantwoordelijkheid als Kamerleden!
Bevorder de Internationale Rechtsorde!
ROEP ISRAEL OP DEZE INTIMIDATIE TE STOPPEN
EN DE AANKLACHTEN TEGEN ISSA AMRO TE LATEN VERVALLEN!
ROEP ISRAEL ONOMWONDEN EN BESLIST OP,
DE BEZETTING TE BEEINDIGEN, DE ILLEGALE
NEDERZETTINGEN [18]TE ONTMANTELEN EN DE ILLEGALE
MUUR [19] AF TE BREKEN!
Alleen dat kan leiden tot een echte en blijvende vrede.
Ik reken erop, dat u zich hiervoor inzet.
Vriendelijke groeten
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
NOTEN
[1]
YOUTH AGAINST SETTLEMENTS
http://hyas.ps/
”Youth Against Settlements is a nonviolent direct action group, which seeks to end the building and expanding of illegal Israeli settlements through non-violent popular struggle and civil resistance.
YAS is based in Hebron, one of the hardest hit areas of the Israeli occupation, where fundamentalists Israelis that have forcibly established a settlement right in the heart of Hebron. In order to protect illegal settlers, the Israeli state has imposed on the Palestinian residents of the city a regime of forced evictions, curfews, market and street closures, military checkpoints, and subjection to military law. Palestinians face frequent random searches, detentions without charge, and rampant settler violence. As a result of this, approximately 13,000 Palestinian civilians have fled their homes in Hebron’s city center, turning the city center into a virtual ghost town.”
ABOUT US
http://hyas.ps/about-us/
[2]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[3]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[4]
''On 7 June 2016, 18 charges were levelled against Issa Amro at Ofer Military Court, some going back as far as 2010. They range from “insulting a soldier” to “assault”.
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[5]
THE NEW YORK TIMES
WHO’S AFRAID OF NONVIOLENCE
27 JANUARY 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0 1/27/opinion/whos-afraid-of-no nviolence.html?_r=0
[6]
”A new report published by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) outlines the nature of the legal regime currently operating in the West Bank. Two systems of law are applied in a single territory: one – a civilian legal system for Israeli citizens, and a second – a military court system for Palestinian residents. The result: institutionalized discrimination.”
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
24 NOVEMBER 2014
http://www.acri.org.il/en/2014 /11/24/twosysreport/
REPORT
14 OCTOBER 2014
ACRI [ASSOCIATION FOR CIVIL RIGHTS IN ISRAEL]
ONE RULE, TWO LEGAL SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S REGIME OF LAWS
IN THE WEST BANK
http://www.acri.org.il/en/wp-c ontent/uploads/2015/02/Two-Sys tems-of-Law-English-FINAL.pdf
”The laws implemented in the West Bank are inequitable and discriminate against Palestinians. Although the settlers live in the same geographical area in which martial law is imposed, Israel has decided that they are not subject to military law, but rather to Israeli law. The application of two distinct legal systems in a single territory constitutes gross discrimination”
BTSELEM.ORG
MILITARY LAW
http://www.btselem.org/demonst rations/military_law
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS
THE JUDICIAL ARM OF THE OCCUPATION:
THE ISRAELI MILITARY COURTS IN THE
OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
https://www.icrc.org/eng/asset s/files/other/irrc_866_weill.p df
[7]
''De regering bevordert de ontwikkeling van de internationale rechtsorde.''
ARTIKEL 90, NEDERLANDSE GRONDWET
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001840/2008-07-15#Hoofdstuk5
[8]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL USA
URGENT ACTION: TWO PALESTINIAN HUMAN
RIGHTS DEFENDERS ON TRIAL
17 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.amnestyusa.org/get- involved/take-action-now/urgen t-action-two-palestinian-human -rights-defenders-on-trial-isr aelopt-ua-27816
[9]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[10]
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM W013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[11]
THE HUFFINGTON POST
ISRAEL PUTS CELEBRATED ACTIVIST ON TRIAL
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ david-palumboliu/israel-puts-c elebrated-_b_13590812.html
THE HAARETZ
PALESTINIAN ISSA AMRO CLAIMS POLITICAL
PERSECUTION AFTER INDICTMENT OVER OFFENSES
DATING FROM 2013
5 SEPTEMBER 2016
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.740072
[12]
''“Issa Amro has faced a sustained campaign of harassment and assault at the hands of the Israeli military and settlers because of his activism. His case is emblematic of the climate of increasing hostility towards activists who protest the settlements, which are illegal under international law,” said Magdalena Mughrabi. [Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International, mijn toevoeging]
“We believe that he is facing trial solely for the peaceful exercise of his rights to freedom of expression and assembly. Imprisoning Issa Amro would be a travesty of justice and would silence yet another important critical voice in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.”
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAEL/OPT: DROP BASELESS CHARGES AGAINST PALESTINIAN
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDER
22 NOVEMBER 2016
https://www.amnesty.org/en/ latest/news/2016/11/israel- opt-drop-baseless-charges- against-palestinian-human- rights-defender/
[13]
TIMES OF ISRAEL
BDS FOUNDER OMAR BARGHOUTI ARRESTED
FOR TAX EVASION
21 MARCH 2017
http://www.timesofisrael.com/ bds-founder-omar-barghouti- arrested-for-tax-evasion/
MONDOWEISS
BDS CO-FOUNDER: ISRAEL'S ARREST AND INTERROGATION
OF OMAR BARGHOUTI NEXT STEP IN ''WAR AGAINST BDS
MOVEMENT''
23 MARCH 2017
http://mondoweiss.net/2017/03/ interrogation-barghouti- movement/
[14]
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
ISRAELI GOVERNMENT MUST CEASE INTIMIDATION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS, PROTECT THEM FROM
ATTACKS
12 APRIL 2016
https://www.amnesty.nl/ actueel/israeli-government- must-cease-intimidation-of- human-rights-defenders- protect-them-from-attacks
[15]
ISRAELI MILITARY ATTACKS ON GAZA
”PROTECTIVE EDGE” 2014
FRAGMENTED LIVES
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW 2014
MARCH 2015
http://reliefweb.int/sites/rel iefweb.int/files/resources/ann ual_humanitarian_overview_2014 _english_final.pdf
BTSELEM.ORG
THE SIEGE ON GAZA
http://www.btselem.org/gaza_ strip/siege
BBC
UN OFFICIAL SLAMS ISRAEL ”CRIMES”
10 DECEMBER 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ middle_east/7774988.stm
BLOCKADE ON GAZA/CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY
ASTRID ESSED
14 FEBRUARY 2008
http://la.indymedia.org/news/ 2008/02/213864.php
[16]
ISRAEL GEEFT ´´LANDROOFWET´´ GROEN LICHT
7 FEBRUARI 2017
https://rightsforum.org/nieuws /landroof%20wet
BTSELEM.ORG
BTSELEM’S RESPONSE TO REGULATION BILL: A SEMBLANCE
OF LEGALITY TO ONGOING PLUNDER
6 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.btselem.org/press_r eleases/20170206_response_to_r egulation_bill
THE HAARETZ
ISRAEL'S NEW PALESTINIAN LAND-GRAB LAW
AND WHY IT MATTERS
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.haaretz.com/israel- news/1.770102
REUTERS
UN CHIEF SAYS ISRAELI SETTLEMENT BILL GOES
AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW
7 FEBRUARY 2017
http://www.reuters.com/article /us-un-israel-settlement-idUSK BN15M2A2
[17]
”The Palestinians who live in the South Hebron Hills are frequently the victims of violence perpetrated by residents of the nearby Israeli settlements. The violence escalated with the establishment of the Havat Ma’on settlement outpost in 1997 and then in 2000, with the outbreak of the second intifada. The Israeli authorities – military and police – generally do not intervene in these violent incidents and generally fail to exhaust the investigative means necessary for enforcing the law on violent settlers.
Violent incidents include the following: attacking Palestinians in their living areas and attempting to burn down their tent dwellings; attacking shepherds as well as Israeli and international activists who accompany the villagers; vandalizing or chopping down olive trees and fruit trees; burning grain; setting dogs on people; stealing and harming sheep. Attacks of this type – which escalate during planting and harvesting – make it difficult for villagers to get their herds to pasture and restrict their access to their agricultural plots and water cisterns.”
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_ hebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
BACKGROUND ON THE SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/south_h ebron_hills
BTSELEM.ORG
SOUTH HEBRON HILLS
http://www.btselem.org/topic/s outh_hebron_hills
[18]
DE ILLEGALITEIT VAN DE NEDERZETTINGEN
”The Fourth Geneva Convention prohibits an occupying power from transferring citizens from its own territory to the occupied territory (Article 49).
The Hague Regulations prohibit an occupying power from undertaking permanent changes in the occupied area unless these are due to military needs in the narrow sense of the term, or unless they are undertaken for the benefit of the local population.”
BTSELEM.ORG
LAND EXPROPRIATION AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL
LAW
http://www.btselem.org/settlem ents/international_law
”Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.”
ARTICLE 49, FOURTH GENEVA CONVENTION
https://www.icrc.org/applic/ih l/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=o penDocument&documentId=77068F1 2B8857C4DC12563CD0051BDB0
HAGUE CONVENTION 1907
http://www.opbw.org/int_inst/s ec_docs/1907HC-TEXT.pdf
[19]
DE ILLEGALE MUUR
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL
IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY
9 JULI 2004
http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/ index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3& p2=4&p3=6&ca
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