KING HENRY IV WAS NOT THE SON OF KATHERINE SWYNFORD!/MY COMMENTS
ON ''RICHARD II KING 1377-99, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS?''
SEE ALSO
https://www.astridessed.nl/king-henry-iv-was-not-the-son-of-katherine-swynford-my-comments-on-richard-ii-the-last-of-the-plantagenets/
Dear Readers,
Here is your supplier of Medieval history, again
HAHAHA
https://www.astridessed.nl/tag/history/
ABOUT RICHARD II AND THE LINE OF SUCCESSION
TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
This time a short, but interesting travel to the times of
king Richard II [1], son of the famous Black Prince [2]
and grandson of king Edward III.
As you'll know, king Richard II was deposed and usurped in 1399 by his cousin,
Henry of Bolingbroke, who became king Henry IV of England. [3]
Richard II died tragically at Pontefract, supposedly starved to death.[4]
Brrrrrrrr
Tragic in itself, it was an usurpation, because it broke the rightful
line of succession, resulting in the later Wars of the Roses,
the strugglefor the English throne between the two branches of the Plantagenet House,
The House of Lancaster and the House of York. [5]
Because what happened:
Yet apart from the fact, that it WAS usurpation, because the rightful
king was deposed, but besides that,
Henry of Bolingbroke was not even heir presumptive [6] [the next
in line of succession when the king died childless]
He was the son of the THIRD son of his and Richard II's grandfather,
king Edward III, John of Gaunt, [7] while there were still
descendants from the SECOND son of king Edward III, Lionel
of Antwerp [8], namely Edmund Mortimer, greatgrandson of
Lionel of Antwerp [Edmund's father was Roger Mortimer, NOT
the famous or notorious one, ally and supposedly
lover of Isabella of France [9], but a descendant]
Roger Mortimer's mother,Philippa Plantagenet had been Lionel
of Antwerp's daughter] [10]
And although the descendants of Lionel of Antwerp descended of
his daughter Philippa Plantagenet [11] [he had no son], that
was no problem at all, since there were no Salic Laws [only
succession from the male line] [12] in England. [13]
Anyway, the descendants of the second son of king Edward III were
overtaken, which lead to the wars of the Roses, with as the
leader of the House of York, Richard, 3rd Duke of York [14], nephew
of Edmund Mortimer from his mother's side, Edmund, who
died childless,
was the brother of his mother, Anne Mortimer] and the House
of Lancaster.
Read in note 15 about the Wars of the Roses.
But I digress
INTRUIGING HISTORY AND THEIR IMPORTANT ERROR:
I recently read a great book about king Richard II.
From Jean Plaidy ''Passage to Pontefract''
A fantastic historical novel [I am a real fan of
Jean Plaidy, read nearly all her books about
English and French history, she mixes history and
romantic fiction brilliantly], which describes
convincingly his life, his love for his Queens [16],
his devotion to his favourite, Robert de Vere, Duke
of Ireland and 9th Earl of Oxford [17], his constant
wrong choices, leading him to his tragic
end.
I also look forward reading the historical non
fiction book of the excellent historian Kathryn Warner:
''Richard II: A true King's Fall''.
ANYWAY:
Searching the Internet about information about
king Richard II, I discovered several website, among else
a site named ''Intruiging History''
They had posted an article with the rather bizarre title
[since according to me, the Plantagenets ruled until 1485] ''
''RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS?'' [18]
Again, a rather bizarre, but interesting title and I did not yet have the opportunity to convince
myself of the historical accuracy, at least as far as my knowledge reaches.
But one sentence stroke my attention in particular and I for sure knew that this at
least was not right at all:
I quote
''1399 Henry IV,King of England, Usurper of Richard II, Henry Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III by John of Gaunt and his wife Katherine Swynsford (former mistress, subsequently legitimised by marriage and royal assent) but could be disputed, is now King of England.'' [19]
FROM:
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS
http://www.intriguing-history.com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plantagenet/
Honestly said:
Henry of Bolingbroke, being the son of John of Gaunt and his mistress,
Katherine Swynford, is a pretty elementary and stupid mistake:
You don't have to be a great historian to know that and any serious
Wikipedia or other source can help you out here.
Here is the thing:
Henry of Bolingbroke, cousin of Richard II and later king Henry IV,
was the son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster.
NOT Katherine Swynford.
It is true, that she was John of Gaunt's great love and lifelong mistress
and came in his household as a governess of his children. [20]
During his marriage with Constance of Castile [21], daughter of
Peter the Cruel [22], he and Katherine Swynford had an affair
and got several children.
They were later legitimated as the Beauforts [Margaret Beaufort,
the mother of Henry Tudor, the later king Henry VII [23], was their greatgranddaughter]
[24], who played a major role in the wars of the Roses. [25]
So the Beauforts were the halfbrothers and sisters of Henry Bolingbroke.
ABOUT THE ANCESTRY OF HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE
Henry of Bolingbroke was the Duke of Lancaster as his father, John of
Gaunt.
Yet this title and lands don't have their origins in his father, but
in his mother.
As I said, she was Blanche of Lancaster, the daughter of Henry of Grosmont,
the 1st Duke of Lancaster. [26]
Blanche's father was the son of Earl Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster,
who on his turn was the son of Edmund Crouchback, who was the
1st Earl of Lancaster [and son of King Henry III and
brother of king Edward I, the Hammer of the Scots] [27]
The second Earl of Lancaster was the brother of Earl Henry,
Thomas of Lancaster, who inherited
the title and lands from his father, Edmund Crouchback:
I wrote about him in an extended book/article.
Thomas was executed after his rebellion against his
cousin, king Edward II. [28]
Later Thomas' brother Earl Henry inherited the lands of his brother
[that were firstly forfeited because he was executed
as a ''traitor'' to King Edward II] and became the 3rd Earl
of Lancaster.
His son Henry of Grosmont [Blanche of Lancaster's father]
had been made Duke of Lancaster by king Edward III. [29]
When Blanche was married to John of Gaunt, he controlled her lands
iure uxoris [by the right of his wife] [30], as was usual in those times,
but she remained owner of the lands.
After the death of his father, John of Gaunt, Henry of Bolingbroke
eventually inherited the lands and title, that came from his mother,
Blanche of Lancaster [initially Richard II disinherited Henry of
Bolingbroke, whom he had exiled earlier and that inheritance was one
of the reasons why Bolingbroke rose against Richard II, deposing him]
[31]
ANYWAY, from a historical site one may expect, that they don't make such a
mistake.
Wonder whether the rest of their information is truly correct.
Maybe I write about that yet.
But you know what is funny and more stupid?
I wrote Intruiging History about their mistake, Henry of
Bolingbroke [later king Henry IV] being the son of Katherine
Swynford instead of his real mother, Blanche of Lancaster and
untill now [26 january 2018 at least], they did not restore
the mistake.
I post my reaction to Intruiging History below, before the notes.
Well, I hope you have enjoyed my rather short travel to the past.
More will come, soon enough.
Thank you for joining me.
You were nice companions!
Astrid Essed
MY REACTION TO INTRUIGING HISTORY:
MY REACTION TO INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history.com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plantagenet/
Dear Management of ''Intruiging History.com''
I just read your page about the English king Richard II
with great interest.
Richard II King 1377-1399, the last of the Plantagenets?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399- plantagenet/
MY INTRODUCTION:
Being a historian myself [although not specialized in Medieval
history] I take great interest in Medieval history and I've published some
articles on my website, especially about the Wars of the Roses and
14th century English history
See on my website [Search function]
www.astridessed.nl
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF
KING EDWARD II/FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
About the wars of the Roses
See among else
USURPATION AND THE RIGHT TO THE THRONE THROUGH
FEMALES
CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES/TRAVEL TO THE PAST
MY COMMENTS ON YOUR ARTICLE:
Now to refer to your article about king Richard II
You wrote
''1399 Henry IV,King of England, Usurper of Richard II, Henry Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III by John of Gaunt and his wife Katherine Swynsford (former mistress, subsequently legitimised by marriage and royal assent) but could be disputed, is now King of England.''
Your historical information is correct, except from one fact.
Henry Bolingbroke [the later king Henry IV] is the son
of John of Gaunt, but NOT of Katherine Swynford.
Bolingbroke's mother was Blanche of Lancaster,
daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster.
Through Bolingbroke's mother Blanche, Bolingbroke was
the greatgrandson of Earl Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
[I described Earl Henry's brother, Thomas of Lancaster,
see my first link] and the great great grandson of
Edmund Crouchback [Earl Henry and Earl Thomas'
father]
And Edmund Crouchback was the son of king Henry III
and the first Earl of Lancaster [given in possession
by his father]
He was also the brother of king Edward I
Although Bolingbroke's father John of Gaunt was
Duke of Lancaster, he held that title ure uxoris,
as you'll know.
So Henry of Bolingbroke's Lancastrian inheritance
came through his mother Blanche, not
his father John of Gaunt.
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
Katherine Swynford was, as you know, the life long
mistress and great love of John of Gaunt and came into
his household as governess to his children.
After the death of John of Gaunt's second wife
Constance of Castile, he finally married Katherine.
You know of course, that the Baeufort family, who played
such a great part in the wars of the Roses, was descended
from the children of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford,
who were legitimized as ''Beauforts'', first by Richard II
and later by their halfbrother king Henry IV [Henry Bolingbroke],
under condition that they would not claijm the throne,
but of course they did....
HAHAHAHA
Perhaps I have some more remarks about your
article, but I save that for another time!
Kind greetings
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
NOTES
[1]
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
[2]
WIKIPEDIA
EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edward_the_Black_Prince
[3]
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY IV OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_IV_of_England
[4]
''He is thought to have starved to death in captivity on or around 14 February 1400, although there is some question over the date and manner of his death''
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/OVERTHROW AND DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England#Overthro w_and_death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
[5]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorge n.be/blog/astridessed/2018/01/ 25/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses -of-the-wars-of-the-rosestrave l-to-the-past
YOUTUBE.COM
THE CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=d2QgaRbIjzQ&t=318s
[6]
WIKIPEDIA
HEIR PRESUMPTIVE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Heir_presumptive
[7]
IN THE UNDERLYING WIKIPEDIA, THE TITLE OF
JOHN OF GAUNT ''1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER'',
IS NOT RIGHT:
THE FIRST DUKE OF LANCASTER WAS JOHN OF GAUNT''S
FATHER IN LAW, HENRY OF GROSMONT AND THE TITLE
WAS GRANTED TO HIM BY KING EDWARD III
WIKIPEDIA
JOHN OF GAUNT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_of_Gaunt
SEE
'' A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster when he created him Duke of Lancaster.''
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER/DUKE OF
LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster#Duke_of_Lancaster
ORIGINAL SOURCE
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
[8]
WIKIPEDIA
LIONEL OF ANTWERP, 1ST DUKE OF CLARENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of _Clarence
[9]
THIS WAS THE FATHER OF EDMUND MORTIMER
ROGER MORTIMER, GRANDSON OF LIONEL OF
ANTWERP AND SON OF LIONEL'S
DAUGHTER PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET
HE ALSO WAS RICHARD II'S HEIR PRESUMPTIVE UNTIL
HIS DAETH IN 1398
WIKIPEDIA
ROGER MORTIMER, 4TH EARL OF MARCH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Roger_Mortimer,_4th_Earl_of_Ma rch
AND HERE THE FAMOUS OR NOTORIOUS ROGER MORTIMER,
THE 1ST EARL OF MARCH, THE GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER OF'
ROGER MORTIMER [ABOVE] AND SUPPOSEDLY LOVER
OF QUEEN ISABELLA OF FRANCE, WIFE OF KING EDWARD II AND
MOTHER OF KING EDWARD III
WIKIPEDIA
ROGER MORTIMER, 1ST EARL OF MARCH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_Ma rch
[10]
WIKIPEDIA
PHILIPPA OF CLARENCE, 5TH COUNTESS OF ULSTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulst er
[11]
WIKIPEDIA
PHILIPPA OF CLARENCE, 5TH COUNTESS OF ULSTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulst er
[12]
WIKIPEDIA
SALIC LAW
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Salic_law
[13]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/LANCASTER AND YORK
USURPATION AND THE RIGHT THROUGH THE THRONE
THROUGH FEMALES
ASTRID ESSED
17 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-roseslancaster-an d-yorkusurpation-and-the-right -to-the-throne-through-females -2/
[14]
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD OF YORK, 3RD DUKE OF YORK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_Y ork
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/THE
CLAIMS TO THE THRONE OF LANCASTER AND YORK
ASTRID ESSED
22 JANUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosesrichard-duke -of-yorkthe-claims-to-the-thro ne-of-lancaster-and-york/
[15]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorge n.be/blog/astridessed/2018/01/ 25/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses -of-the-wars-of-the-rosestrave l-to-the-past
YOUTUBE.COM
THE CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=d2QgaRbIjzQ&t=318s
[16]
''Anne and Richard were only 14 years old when they first met and married. Yet these "two wispy teenagers " soon fell into a loving relationship and "over the years the king proved truly devoted to his new wife.''
WIKIPEDIA
ANNE OF BOHEMIA/QUEEN OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Anne_of_Bohemia#Queen_of_Engla nd
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
ANNE OF BOHEMIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Anne_of_Bohemia
[17]
''He died in or near Louvain in 1392. Three years later, on the anniversary of his death, 22 November 1395, Richard II had his embalmed body brought back to England for burial. It was recorded by the chronicler Thomas Walsingham that many magnates did not attend the re-burial ceremony because they 'had not yet digested their hatred' of him. The king had the coffin opened to kiss his lost friend's hand and to gaze on his face one last time''
ROBERT DE VERE, DUKE OF IRELAND/DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Robert_de_Vere,_Duke_of_Irelan d#Death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
ROBERT DE VERE, DUKE OF IRELAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Robert_de_Vere,_Duke_of_Irelan d
[18]
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plant agenet/
[19]
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plant agenet/
[20]
WIKIPEDIA
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Katherine_Swynford
[21]
WIKIPEDIA
CONSTANCE OF CASTILE, DUCHESS OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Constance_of_Castile,_Duchess_ of_Lancaster
[22]
PETER OF CASTILE [NAMED ''THE CRUEL], FATHER OF
CONSTANCE OF CASTILE
WIKIPEDIA
PETER OF CASTILE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Peter_of_Castile
[23]
HENRY VII OF ENGLAND [FIRST HENRY TUDOR]
SON OF MARGARET BEAUFORT AND EDMUND TUDOR
HALFBROTHER OF KING HENRY VI FROM HIS MOTHER'S
SIDE
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY VII OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_VII_of_England
HIS FATHER
EDMUND TUDOR, 1ST EARL OF RICHMIND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Rich mond
HIS MOTHER
MARGARET BEAUFORT, COUNTESS OF RICHMIND AND DERBY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of _Richmond_and_Derby
[24]
MARGARET BEAUFORT WAS THE GREAT GRANDDAUGHTER OF
JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE SWYNFORD
HER FATHER WAS JOHN BEAUFORT, THE 1ST DUKE OF SOMERSET
AND HE [JOHN BEAUFORT] WAS THE SON OF JOHN BEAUFORT,
THE 1ST EARL OF BEAUFORT
AND THE 1ST EARL OF BEAUFORT WAS THE SON OF
JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE SWYNFORD
WIKIPEDIA
MARGARET BEAUFORT, COUNTESS OF RICHMOND AND DERBY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of _Richmond_and_Derby
HER FATHER
JOHN BEAUFORT. 1ST DUKE OF SOMERSET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_Beaufort,_1st_Duke_of_Som erset
HER GRANDFATHER
JOHN BEAUFORT, 1ST EARL OF SOMERSET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Som erset
HER GREATGRANDPARENTS
JOHN OF GAUNT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_of_Gaunt
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Katherine_Swynford
[25]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
WIKIPEDIA
HOUSE OF BEAUFORT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ House_of_Beaufort
SO THE CHILDREN OF JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE
SWYNFORD WERE NAMED BEAUFORT
BUT:
ORIGINALLY THE BEAUFORT TITLE AND NAME [WITH POSSESSIONS] WAS
INHERITED BY EARL HENRY, 3RD EARL OF LANCASTER
[ALTHOUGH HE WAS NO EARL OF LANCASTER YET
ON THAT MOMENT, SINCE THE TITLE WAS THEN HELD
BY HIS BROTHER, THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF LANCASTER,
WHO HAD INHERITED IT FROM HIS AND HENRY'S FATHER,
EDMUND CROUCHBACK, 1ST EARL OF LANCASTER AND
SON OF KING HENRY III AND BROTHER OF THE LATER
KING EDWARD I]
ANYWAY, HENRY OF LANCASTER INHERITED THE TITLE
IN 1317 FROM HIS YOUNGER BROTHER JOHN.
THIS TITLE REMAINED IN THE FAMILY AND THE
TITLE CAME TO JOHN OF GAUNT,
DUE TO HIS MARRIAGE WITH EARL HENRY'S GRANDDAUGHTER,
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
SEE ALSO
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
HENRY, EARL OF LANCASTER
''As well as his elder brother Thomas, Henry of Lancaster had a younger brother, John, who died childless in 1317; Henry was heir to his lands in France, including Beaufort, after which the illegitimate children of his grandson by marriage and heir John of Gaunt were named.''
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2011/04/henry-of-lancaste r.html
SO IN THE STRICT SENSE THE BEAUFORTS WERE NO BLOOD
FAMILY OF THE ''OLD'' BEAUFORT, EARL HENRY, SINCE
THEY WERE CHILDREN OF JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHRYN
SWYNFORD AND NOT FROM BLANCHE OF LANCASTER,
EARL HENRY'S GRANDDAUGHTER
[26]
WIKIPEDIA
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Blanche_of_Lancaster
HER FATHER WAS HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF
LANCASTER
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (1)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/08/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of.html
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (2)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/11/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of.html
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (3)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/11/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of_09.html
[27]
WIKIPEDIA
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Blanche_of_Lancaster
HER FATHER HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF
LANCASTER
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
HER GRANDFATHER
EARL HENRY, 3RD EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry,_3rd_Earl_of_Lancaster
HER GREATGRANDFATHER
EDMUND CROUCHBACK, 1ST EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edmund_Crouchback
HER GREATGRANDFATHER, KING HENRY OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_III_of_England
EDMUND CROCHBACK WAS THE BROTHER OF THE LATER
KING EDWARD I, WHO SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER KING HENRY III
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edward_I_of_England
AND LAST, BUT NOT LEAST:
EDMUND CROUCHBACK'S ELDEST SON AND BROTHER
OF EARL HENRY, THOMAS OF LANCASTER, WAS THE
2ND EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Thomas,_2nd_Earl_of_Lancaster
SEE ALSO
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF KING EDWARD II/
FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
ASTRID ESSED
18 SEPTEMBER 2017
https://www.astridessed.nl/tho mas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin- of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord- to-saint/
[28]
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF KING EDWARD II/
FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
ASTRID ESSED
18 SEPTEMBER 2017
https://www.astridessed.nl/tho mas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin- of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord- to-saint/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorgen.be/blog/astridessed/2017/09/18/thomas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin-of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord-to-saint
[29]
' A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster when he created him Duke of Lancaster.''
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER/DUKE OF
LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster#Duke_of_Lancaster
ORIGINAL SOURCE
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
[30]
WIKIPEDIA
IURE UXORIS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jure_uxoris
[31]
''On 3 February 1399, John of Gaunt died. Rather than allowing Bolingbroke to succeed, Richard extended the term of his exile to life and expropriated his properties.[67] The king felt safe from Bolingbroke, who was residing in Paris, since the French had little interest in any challenge to Richard and his peace policy.[68] Richard left the country in May for another expedition in Ireland.''
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/SECOND CRISIS OF 1397-99
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England#Second_ crisis_of_1397%E2%80%9399
''In June 1399, Louis, Duke of Orléans, gained control of the court of the insane Charles VI of France. The policy of rapprochement with the English crown did not suit Louis's political ambitions, and for this reason he found it opportune to allow Henry to leave for England.[71] With a small group of followers, Bolingbroke landed at Ravenspur in Yorkshire towards the end of June 1399.[72] Men from all over the country soon rallied around the duke. Meeting with Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who had his own misgivings about the king, Bolingbroke insisted that his only object was to regain his own patrimony.''
'RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/OVERTHROW AND DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England# Overthrow_and_death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
KING HENRY IV WAS NOT THE SON OF KATHERINE SWYNFORD!/MY COMMENTS
ON ''RICHARD II KING 1377-99, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS?''
SEE ALSO
https://www.astridessed.nl/king-henry-iv-was-not-the-son-of-katherine-swynford-my-comments-on-richard-ii-the-last-of-the-plantagenets/
Dear Readers,
Here is your supplier of Medieval history, again
HAHAHA
https://www.astridessed.nl/tag/history/
ABOUT RICHARD II AND THE LINE OF SUCCESSION
TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
This time a short, but interesting travel to the times of
king Richard II [1], son of the famous Black Prince [2]
and grandson of king Edward III.
As you'll know, king Richard II was deposed and usurped in 1399 by his cousin,
Henry of Bolingbroke, who became king Henry IV of England. [3]
Richard II died tragically at Pontefract, supposedly starved to death.[4]
Brrrrrrrr
Tragic in itself, it was an usurpation, because it broke the rightful
line of succession, resulting in the later Wars of the Roses,
the strugglefor the English throne between the two branches of the Plantagenet House,
The House of Lancaster and the House of York. [5]
Because what happened:
Yet apart from the fact, that it WAS usurpation, because the rightful
king was deposed, but besides that,
Henry of Bolingbroke was not even heir presumptive [6] [the next
in line of succession when the king died childless]
He was the son of the THIRD son of his and Richard II's grandfather,
king Edward III, John of Gaunt, [7] while there were still
descendants from the SECOND son of king Edward III, Lionel
of Antwerp [8], namely Edmund Mortimer, greatgrandson of
Lionel of Antwerp [Edmund's father was Roger Mortimer, NOT
the famous or notorious one, ally and supposedly
lover of Isabella of France [9], but a descendant]
Roger Mortimer's mother,Philippa Plantagenet had been Lionel
of Antwerp's daughter] [10]
And although the descendants of Lionel of Antwerp descended of
his daughter Philippa Plantagenet [11] [he had no son], that
was no problem at all, since there were no Salic Laws [only
succession from the male line] [12] in England. [13]
Anyway, the descendants of the second son of king Edward III were
overtaken, which lead to the wars of the Roses, with as the
leader of the House of York, Richard, 3rd Duke of York [14], nephew
of Edmund Mortimer from his mother's side, Edmund, who
died childless,
was the brother of his mother, Anne Mortimer] and the House
of Lancaster.
Read in note 15 about the Wars of the Roses.
But I digress
INTRUIGING HISTORY AND THEIR IMPORTANT ERROR:
I recently read a great book about king Richard II.
From Jean Plaidy ''Passage to Pontefract''
A fantastic historical novel [I am a real fan of
Jean Plaidy, read nearly all her books about
English and French history, she mixes history and
romantic fiction brilliantly], which describes
convincingly his life, his love for his Queens [16],
his devotion to his favourite, Robert de Vere, Duke
of Ireland and 9th Earl of Oxford [17], his constant
wrong choices, leading him to his tragic
end.
I also look forward reading the historical non
fiction book of the excellent historian Kathryn Warner:
''Richard II: A true King's Fall''.
ANYWAY:
Searching the Internet about information about
king Richard II, I discovered several website, among else
a site named ''Intruiging History''
They had posted an article with the rather bizarre title
[since according to me, the Plantagenets ruled until 1485] ''
''RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS?'' [18]
Again, a rather bizarre, but interesting title and I did not yet have the opportunity to convince
myself of the historical accuracy, at least as far as my knowledge reaches.
But one sentence stroke my attention in particular and I for sure knew that this at
least was not right at all:
I quote
''1399 Henry IV,King of England, Usurper of Richard II, Henry Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III by John of Gaunt and his wife Katherine Swynsford (former mistress, subsequently legitimised by marriage and royal assent) but could be disputed, is now King of England.'' [19]
FROM:
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS
http://www.intriguing-history.com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plantagenet/
Honestly said:
Henry of Bolingbroke, being the son of John of Gaunt and his mistress,
Katherine Swynford, is a pretty elementary and stupid mistake:
You don't have to be a great historian to know that and any serious
Wikipedia or other source can help you out here.
Here is the thing:
Henry of Bolingbroke, cousin of Richard II and later king Henry IV,
was the son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster.
NOT Katherine Swynford.
It is true, that she was John of Gaunt's great love and lifelong mistress
and came in his household as a governess of his children. [20]
During his marriage with Constance of Castile [21], daughter of
Peter the Cruel [22], he and Katherine Swynford had an affair
and got several children.
They were later legitimated as the Beauforts [Margaret Beaufort,
the mother of Henry Tudor, the later king Henry VII [23], was their greatgranddaughter]
[24], who played a major role in the wars of the Roses. [25]
So the Beauforts were the halfbrothers and sisters of Henry Bolingbroke.
ABOUT THE ANCESTRY OF HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE
Henry of Bolingbroke was the Duke of Lancaster as his father, John of
Gaunt.
Yet this title and lands don't have their origins in his father, but
in his mother.
As I said, she was Blanche of Lancaster, the daughter of Henry of Grosmont,
the 1st Duke of Lancaster. [26]
Blanche's father was the son of Earl Henry, the 3rd Earl of Lancaster,
who on his turn was the son of Edmund Crouchback, who was the
1st Earl of Lancaster [and son of King Henry III and
brother of king Edward I, the Hammer of the Scots] [27]
The second Earl of Lancaster was the brother of Earl Henry,
Thomas of Lancaster, who inherited
the title and lands from his father, Edmund Crouchback:
I wrote about him in an extended book/article.
Thomas was executed after his rebellion against his
cousin, king Edward II. [28]
Later Thomas' brother Earl Henry inherited the lands of his brother
[that were firstly forfeited because he was executed
as a ''traitor'' to King Edward II] and became the 3rd Earl
of Lancaster.
His son Henry of Grosmont [Blanche of Lancaster's father]
had been made Duke of Lancaster by king Edward III. [29]
When Blanche was married to John of Gaunt, he controlled her lands
iure uxoris [by the right of his wife] [30], as was usual in those times,
but she remained owner of the lands.
After the death of his father, John of Gaunt, Henry of Bolingbroke
eventually inherited the lands and title, that came from his mother,
Blanche of Lancaster [initially Richard II disinherited Henry of
Bolingbroke, whom he had exiled earlier and that inheritance was one
of the reasons why Bolingbroke rose against Richard II, deposing him]
[31]
ANYWAY, from a historical site one may expect, that they don't make such a
mistake.
Wonder whether the rest of their information is truly correct.
Maybe I write about that yet.
But you know what is funny and more stupid?
I wrote Intruiging History about their mistake, Henry of
Bolingbroke [later king Henry IV] being the son of Katherine
Swynford instead of his real mother, Blanche of Lancaster and
untill now [26 january 2018 at least], they did not restore
the mistake.
I post my reaction to Intruiging History below, before the notes.
Well, I hope you have enjoyed my rather short travel to the past.
More will come, soon enough.
Thank you for joining me.
You were nice companions!
Astrid Essed
MY REACTION TO INTRUIGING HISTORY:
MY REACTION TO INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history.com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plantagenet/
Dear Management of ''Intruiging History.com''
I just read your page about the English king Richard II
with great interest.
Richard II King 1377-1399, the last of the Plantagenets?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399- plantagenet/
MY INTRODUCTION:
Being a historian myself [although not specialized in Medieval
history] I take great interest in Medieval history and I've published some
articles on my website, especially about the Wars of the Roses and
14th century English history
See on my website [Search function]
www.astridessed.nl
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF
KING EDWARD II/FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
About the wars of the Roses
See among else
USURPATION AND THE RIGHT TO THE THRONE THROUGH
FEMALES
CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES/TRAVEL TO THE PAST
MY COMMENTS ON YOUR ARTICLE:
Now to refer to your article about king Richard II
You wrote
''1399 Henry IV,King of England, Usurper of Richard II, Henry Bolingbroke, grandson of Edward III by John of Gaunt and his wife Katherine Swynsford (former mistress, subsequently legitimised by marriage and royal assent) but could be disputed, is now King of England.''
Your historical information is correct, except from one fact.
Henry Bolingbroke [the later king Henry IV] is the son
of John of Gaunt, but NOT of Katherine Swynford.
Bolingbroke's mother was Blanche of Lancaster,
daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster.
Through Bolingbroke's mother Blanche, Bolingbroke was
the greatgrandson of Earl Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster
[I described Earl Henry's brother, Thomas of Lancaster,
see my first link] and the great great grandson of
Edmund Crouchback [Earl Henry and Earl Thomas'
father]
And Edmund Crouchback was the son of king Henry III
and the first Earl of Lancaster [given in possession
by his father]
He was also the brother of king Edward I
Although Bolingbroke's father John of Gaunt was
Duke of Lancaster, he held that title ure uxoris,
as you'll know.
So Henry of Bolingbroke's Lancastrian inheritance
came through his mother Blanche, not
his father John of Gaunt.
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
Katherine Swynford was, as you know, the life long
mistress and great love of John of Gaunt and came into
his household as governess to his children.
After the death of John of Gaunt's second wife
Constance of Castile, he finally married Katherine.
You know of course, that the Baeufort family, who played
such a great part in the wars of the Roses, was descended
from the children of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford,
who were legitimized as ''Beauforts'', first by Richard II
and later by their halfbrother king Henry IV [Henry Bolingbroke],
under condition that they would not claijm the throne,
but of course they did....
HAHAHAHA
Perhaps I have some more remarks about your
article, but I save that for another time!
Kind greetings
Astrid Essed
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
NOTES
[1]
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
[2]
WIKIPEDIA
EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edward_the_Black_Prince
[3]
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY IV OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_IV_of_England
[4]
''He is thought to have starved to death in captivity on or around 14 February 1400, although there is some question over the date and manner of his death''
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/OVERTHROW AND DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England#Overthro w_and_death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
[5]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorge n.be/blog/astridessed/2018/01/ 25/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses -of-the-wars-of-the-rosestrave l-to-the-past
YOUTUBE.COM
THE CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=d2QgaRbIjzQ&t=318s
[6]
WIKIPEDIA
HEIR PRESUMPTIVE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Heir_presumptive
[7]
IN THE UNDERLYING WIKIPEDIA, THE TITLE OF
JOHN OF GAUNT ''1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER'',
IS NOT RIGHT:
THE FIRST DUKE OF LANCASTER WAS JOHN OF GAUNT''S
FATHER IN LAW, HENRY OF GROSMONT AND THE TITLE
WAS GRANTED TO HIM BY KING EDWARD III
WIKIPEDIA
JOHN OF GAUNT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_of_Gaunt
SEE
'' A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster when he created him Duke of Lancaster.''
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER/DUKE OF
LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster#Duke_of_Lancaster
ORIGINAL SOURCE
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
[8]
WIKIPEDIA
LIONEL OF ANTWERP, 1ST DUKE OF CLARENCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Lionel_of_Antwerp,_1st_Duke_of _Clarence
[9]
THIS WAS THE FATHER OF EDMUND MORTIMER
ROGER MORTIMER, GRANDSON OF LIONEL OF
ANTWERP AND SON OF LIONEL'S
DAUGHTER PHILIPPA PLANTAGENET
HE ALSO WAS RICHARD II'S HEIR PRESUMPTIVE UNTIL
HIS DAETH IN 1398
WIKIPEDIA
ROGER MORTIMER, 4TH EARL OF MARCH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Roger_Mortimer,_4th_Earl_of_Ma rch
AND HERE THE FAMOUS OR NOTORIOUS ROGER MORTIMER,
THE 1ST EARL OF MARCH, THE GREAT GREAT GRANDFATHER OF'
ROGER MORTIMER [ABOVE] AND SUPPOSEDLY LOVER
OF QUEEN ISABELLA OF FRANCE, WIFE OF KING EDWARD II AND
MOTHER OF KING EDWARD III
WIKIPEDIA
ROGER MORTIMER, 1ST EARL OF MARCH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Roger_Mortimer,_1st_Earl_of_Ma rch
[10]
WIKIPEDIA
PHILIPPA OF CLARENCE, 5TH COUNTESS OF ULSTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulst er
[11]
WIKIPEDIA
PHILIPPA OF CLARENCE, 5TH COUNTESS OF ULSTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Philippa,_5th_Countess_of_Ulst er
[12]
WIKIPEDIA
SALIC LAW
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Salic_law
[13]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/LANCASTER AND YORK
USURPATION AND THE RIGHT THROUGH THE THRONE
THROUGH FEMALES
ASTRID ESSED
17 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-roseslancaster-an d-yorkusurpation-and-the-right -to-the-throne-through-females -2/
[14]
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD OF YORK, 3RD DUKE OF YORK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_Y ork
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/THE
CLAIMS TO THE THRONE OF LANCASTER AND YORK
ASTRID ESSED
22 JANUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosesrichard-duke -of-yorkthe-claims-to-the-thro ne-of-lancaster-and-york/
[15]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorge n.be/blog/astridessed/2018/01/ 25/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses -of-the-wars-of-the-rosestrave l-to-the-past
YOUTUBE.COM
THE CAUSES OF THE WARS OF THE ROSES
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=d2QgaRbIjzQ&t=318s
[16]
''Anne and Richard were only 14 years old when they first met and married. Yet these "two wispy teenagers " soon fell into a loving relationship and "over the years the king proved truly devoted to his new wife.''
WIKIPEDIA
ANNE OF BOHEMIA/QUEEN OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Anne_of_Bohemia#Queen_of_Engla nd
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
ANNE OF BOHEMIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Anne_of_Bohemia
[17]
''He died in or near Louvain in 1392. Three years later, on the anniversary of his death, 22 November 1395, Richard II had his embalmed body brought back to England for burial. It was recorded by the chronicler Thomas Walsingham that many magnates did not attend the re-burial ceremony because they 'had not yet digested their hatred' of him. The king had the coffin opened to kiss his lost friend's hand and to gaze on his face one last time''
ROBERT DE VERE, DUKE OF IRELAND/DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Robert_de_Vere,_Duke_of_Irelan d#Death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
ROBERT DE VERE, DUKE OF IRELAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Robert_de_Vere,_Duke_of_Irelan d
[18]
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plant agenet/
[19]
INTRUIGING HISTORY.COM
RICHARD II KING 1377-1399, THE LAST OF THE]
PLANTAGENETS?
http://www.intriguing-history. com/richard-ii-1377-1399-plant agenet/
[20]
WIKIPEDIA
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Katherine_Swynford
[21]
WIKIPEDIA
CONSTANCE OF CASTILE, DUCHESS OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Constance_of_Castile,_Duchess_ of_Lancaster
[22]
PETER OF CASTILE [NAMED ''THE CRUEL], FATHER OF
CONSTANCE OF CASTILE
WIKIPEDIA
PETER OF CASTILE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Peter_of_Castile
[23]
HENRY VII OF ENGLAND [FIRST HENRY TUDOR]
SON OF MARGARET BEAUFORT AND EDMUND TUDOR
HALFBROTHER OF KING HENRY VI FROM HIS MOTHER'S
SIDE
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY VII OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_VII_of_England
HIS FATHER
EDMUND TUDOR, 1ST EARL OF RICHMIND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Rich mond
HIS MOTHER
MARGARET BEAUFORT, COUNTESS OF RICHMIND AND DERBY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of _Richmond_and_Derby
[24]
MARGARET BEAUFORT WAS THE GREAT GRANDDAUGHTER OF
JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE SWYNFORD
HER FATHER WAS JOHN BEAUFORT, THE 1ST DUKE OF SOMERSET
AND HE [JOHN BEAUFORT] WAS THE SON OF JOHN BEAUFORT,
THE 1ST EARL OF BEAUFORT
AND THE 1ST EARL OF BEAUFORT WAS THE SON OF
JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE SWYNFORD
WIKIPEDIA
MARGARET BEAUFORT, COUNTESS OF RICHMOND AND DERBY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of _Richmond_and_Derby
HER FATHER
JOHN BEAUFORT. 1ST DUKE OF SOMERSET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_Beaufort,_1st_Duke_of_Som erset
HER GRANDFATHER
JOHN BEAUFORT, 1ST EARL OF SOMERSET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Som erset
HER GREATGRANDPARENTS
JOHN OF GAUNT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ John_of_Gaunt
KATHERINE SWYNFORD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Katherine_Swynford
[25]
THE WARS OF THE ROSES/CAUSES OF THE WARS OF
THE ROSES/A TRAVEL TO THE PAST
ASTRID ESSED
3 FEBRUARY 2015
https://www.astridessed.nl/the -wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-th e-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to -the-past/
WIKIPEDIA
HOUSE OF BEAUFORT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ House_of_Beaufort
SO THE CHILDREN OF JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHERINE
SWYNFORD WERE NAMED BEAUFORT
BUT:
ORIGINALLY THE BEAUFORT TITLE AND NAME [WITH POSSESSIONS] WAS
INHERITED BY EARL HENRY, 3RD EARL OF LANCASTER
[ALTHOUGH HE WAS NO EARL OF LANCASTER YET
ON THAT MOMENT, SINCE THE TITLE WAS THEN HELD
BY HIS BROTHER, THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF LANCASTER,
WHO HAD INHERITED IT FROM HIS AND HENRY'S FATHER,
EDMUND CROUCHBACK, 1ST EARL OF LANCASTER AND
SON OF KING HENRY III AND BROTHER OF THE LATER
KING EDWARD I]
ANYWAY, HENRY OF LANCASTER INHERITED THE TITLE
IN 1317 FROM HIS YOUNGER BROTHER JOHN.
THIS TITLE REMAINED IN THE FAMILY AND THE
TITLE CAME TO JOHN OF GAUNT,
DUE TO HIS MARRIAGE WITH EARL HENRY'S GRANDDAUGHTER,
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
SEE ALSO
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
HENRY, EARL OF LANCASTER
''As well as his elder brother Thomas, Henry of Lancaster had a younger brother, John, who died childless in 1317; Henry was heir to his lands in France, including Beaufort, after which the illegitimate children of his grandson by marriage and heir John of Gaunt were named.''
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2011/04/henry-of-lancaste r.html
SO IN THE STRICT SENSE THE BEAUFORTS WERE NO BLOOD
FAMILY OF THE ''OLD'' BEAUFORT, EARL HENRY, SINCE
THEY WERE CHILDREN OF JOHN OF GAUNT AND KATHRYN
SWYNFORD AND NOT FROM BLANCHE OF LANCASTER,
EARL HENRY'S GRANDDAUGHTER
[26]
WIKIPEDIA
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Blanche_of_Lancaster
HER FATHER WAS HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF
LANCASTER
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (1)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/08/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of.html
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (2)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/11/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of.html
EDWARDTHESECONDBLOGSPOT
A VERRAY PARFIT GENTIL KNYGHT: HENRY OF GROSMONT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER (3)
http://edwardthesecond.blogspo t.nl/2009/11/verray-parfit-gen til-knyght-henry-of_09.html
[27]
WIKIPEDIA
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Blanche_of_Lancaster
HER FATHER HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF
LANCASTER
WIKIPEDIA
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
HER GRANDFATHER
EARL HENRY, 3RD EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry,_3rd_Earl_of_Lancaster
HER GREATGRANDFATHER
EDMUND CROUCHBACK, 1ST EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edmund_Crouchback
HER GREATGRANDFATHER, KING HENRY OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_III_of_England
EDMUND CROCHBACK WAS THE BROTHER OF THE LATER
KING EDWARD I, WHO SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER KING HENRY III
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Edward_I_of_England
AND LAST, BUT NOT LEAST:
EDMUND CROUCHBACK'S ELDEST SON AND BROTHER
OF EARL HENRY, THOMAS OF LANCASTER, WAS THE
2ND EARL OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Thomas,_2nd_Earl_of_Lancaster
SEE ALSO
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF KING EDWARD II/
FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
ASTRID ESSED
18 SEPTEMBER 2017
https://www.astridessed.nl/tho mas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin- of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord- to-saint/
[28]
THOMAS OF LANCASTER, REBEL COUSIN OF KING EDWARD II/
FROM WARLORD TO SAINT
ASTRID ESSED
18 SEPTEMBER 2017
https://www.astridessed.nl/tho mas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin- of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord- to-saint/
SEE ALSO
http://community.dewereldmorgen.be/blog/astridessed/2017/09/18/thomas-of-lancaster-rebel-cousin-of-king-edward-iifrom-warlord-to-saint
[29]
' A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster when he created him Duke of Lancaster.''
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER/DUKE OF
LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster#Duke_of_Lancaster
ORIGINAL SOURCE
HENRY OF GROSMONT, 1ST DUKE OF LANCASTER
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_of_Grosmont,_1st_Duke_of _Lancaster
[30]
WIKIPEDIA
IURE UXORIS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Jure_uxoris
[31]
''On 3 February 1399, John of Gaunt died. Rather than allowing Bolingbroke to succeed, Richard extended the term of his exile to life and expropriated his properties.[67] The king felt safe from Bolingbroke, who was residing in Paris, since the French had little interest in any challenge to Richard and his peace policy.[68] Richard left the country in May for another expedition in Ireland.''
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/SECOND CRISIS OF 1397-99
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England#Second_ crisis_of_1397%E2%80%9399
''In June 1399, Louis, Duke of Orléans, gained control of the court of the insane Charles VI of France. The policy of rapprochement with the English crown did not suit Louis's political ambitions, and for this reason he found it opportune to allow Henry to leave for England.[71] With a small group of followers, Bolingbroke landed at Ravenspur in Yorkshire towards the end of June 1399.[72] Men from all over the country soon rallied around the duke. Meeting with Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who had his own misgivings about the king, Bolingbroke insisted that his only object was to regain his own patrimony.''
'RICHARD II OF ENGLAND/OVERTHROW AND DEATH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England# Overthrow_and_death
ORIGINAL SOURCE
WIKIPEDIA
RICHARD II OF ENGLAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England